Many studies in political science have focused on the rhetorical presidency (Friedman, 2007; McFarlane, 2016; Murphy, 2008; Saldin, 2011; Stuckey, 2006, 2010; Toye, 2011; Tulis, 1996; Wolfensberger, 2004), which allows us to characterize a central aspect of presidentialism: how the president's discursive enunciation creates conditions for argumentative framing and the capacity to build real political power. We have also refined this concept for foreign policy in presidential discursive realism (Laporte, 2020).